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The accurate prediction of formation pressure is important in oil/gas exploration and development. However, the achievement of this goal remains challenging, due to insufficient logging data and the low predictive data accuracy from seismic data. In this work, a case study was carried out in the Baima area of Wulong, in order to develop a workflow for accurately predicting shale gas formation pressure. The multi-channel stack method was first used, as well as the inversion of single-channel seismic data, to construct velocity and density models of the formation. Combined with the existing well-logging data, the velocity and density models of the whole well section were established. The shale gas formation pressure was then estimated using the Eaton method. The results show that the multi-channel seismic stacking method has a higher accuracy than the inversion of the formation velocity obtained by the single-channel seismic method. The discrepancies between our predicted formation pressure and the actual formation pressure measurement are within an acceptable range, indicating that our workflow is effective. 相似文献
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Petroleum drill cuttings are usually treated by techniques suitable for particular contaminant groups. The significance of this study consists in the development of a treatment technology that can simultaneously handle the hydrocarbon and metal constituents of drill cuttings. Bioaugmentation is combined with stabilisation/solidification (S/S), within S/S monoliths and in granulated S/S monoliths. Portland cement was used for S/S treatment at 30% binder dosage. Bioaugmentation treatment involved two bacterial densities of a mixed culture bio-preparation. The effects of inclusion of compost, fertiliser and activated carbon were also evaluated. After 28 days, the combined S/S and bioaugmentation treatments recorded up to 15% higher total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) loss than control S/S treatment without bioaugmentation. Embedding fertiliser, activated carbon and higher bacterial density within S/S monoliths resulted in the highest (99%) TPH reduction but higher concentrations of metals. The addition of compost and lower bacterial density to granulated S/S monoliths led to similar (98%) TPH degradation and lower amounts of metals. The results suggest that with better mixture optimisation, combining S/S and bioaugmentation could engender more sustainable treatment of drill cuttings. 相似文献
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目前我国群测群防监测手段已广泛应用到地质灾害预警研究领域,采集的众多原始数据和简单清晰的动态曲线资料,为地质灾害的评价、预测、预警提供了极大的空间分析基础.针对群测群防专业基础薄弱特点,本文主要从简易监测方法入手,利用各种监测手段采集的监测数据,分析已成功预警的危岩滑坡预报曲线及其变化规律,进而寻求变形破坏临界信号,初步给出了由位移-时间曲线形态的变化作为预报尺度的简易确定方法及稳定性判断准则,以最大限度的保障社会安定. 相似文献
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许家美 《地质灾害与环境保护》2006,17(4):23-27
小溪隧道进口危岩位于重庆市涪陵区乌江西岸,岸坡陡峻。陡崖脚泥岩风化凹进形成崖腔,陡崖顶有阶梯状陡坎,在构造裂隙、软弱陡崖基座、卸荷裂隙带等因素的控制下,稳定性极差。作者采用地质分析和量化分析方法对危岩作了稳定性评价。危岩破坏形式有坠落、倾倒和滑塌3种。随着软弱基座差异性风化的进一步发展、崖腔进一步扩大、卸荷裂隙逐渐连续贯通,危岩体将失去稳定产生崩塌。采用支撑、锚固、拦石、排水、少量危石清除相结合的综合防治措施,是行之有效的。通过3个水文年的监测显示,本区工程在经历多个雨季后,每个监测点都是稳定的,危岩整治效果明显,防治措施起到了良好作用。 相似文献
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页岩气开采过程中水力压裂及废水回注可能带来的环境问题受到越来越多关注。由于水力压裂开采技术涉及的污染物种类众多,因此建立敏感性监测指标对于识别潜在的地下水污染具有重要意义。本文以中国涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块为例,首先确定了地下水环境背景值（包括水化学、同位素及溶解气）;通过页岩水与浅层地下水的端元对比,确定了地下水环境敏感性监测指标与污染示踪方法。结果显示浅层地下水TDS在146~402 mg·L-1之间,属于HCO3-Ca·Mg型,地下水属于年轻地下水（含3 H、14C接近100 pmC）,地下水甲烷含量均小于0.01 mg·L-1,水中溶解气的甲烷（CH4）体积比低于0.006 4%,δ13C-CH4总体小于-50‰,为生物成因甲烷（显著区别于热成因页岩气）。涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块页岩水TDS约为海水两倍,为大气降水成因,显著区别于北美的（蒸发）海水起源。根据页岩水和浅层地下水水文地球化学特征的差异,建立了确定地下水敏感性监测指标的框架,识别出焦石坝区块地下水敏感性指标（7项）。页岩气开发对地下水潜在的污染主要包括气体污染和溶解固体组分污染。对于气体,建立了甲烷含量及同位素组成的端元,并且应用惰性气体进行了两个端元识别;对于溶解固体组分污染,基于浅层地下水背景值数据,可利用本文给出的敏感性指标进行判别。本项研究对于中国页岩气开发的地下水环境保护具有重要的意义,有助于完善页岩气开发过程中地下水环境监测和潜在污染示踪。 相似文献
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三峡水库典型支流上游区和回水区营养状态分析 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
2006年3、5、8月,对三峡水库成库后5条支流的上游区和回水区水质参数及营养因子分布进行了初步研究.研究结果表明,支流高锰酸盐指数范围在1.00-2.50mg/L、COD范围为6.00-26.5mg/L,上游区与回水区有机物含量差异不大,支流目前未受到有机物污染影响.NH_4~+-N范围为0.039-0.367mg/L,各支流含量均为丰水期最大.TN范围在0.58-1.67mg/L,TP范围在0.005-0.133mg/L,支流回水区TN和TP含量均远高于水体发生富营养化的最低限制值,水体存在发生富营养化的风险.大多支流N/P比值处于适宜藻类生长范围.Chl.a浓度范围为0.94-28.9mg/m~3,各支流回水区Chl.a浓度均为5月最大河流回水区Chl.a浓度高于上游区,上游区、回水区Chl.a含量有显著差异.选用修正的Carlson营养状态指数(Trophic State Index)TSI_M法,评价了支流水体营养状态,TSI_M指数范围在36.0-64.2,上游区除龙河、澎溪河5月达到富营养水平外,其余支流均为贫-中营养水平.回水区各支流均达到中-富营养水平.支流回水区营养状态指数均高于上游区,但各支流增加幅度不同.支流回水区水体营养状态明显受三峡水库蓄水水体流速减缓的影响.Chl.a与COD(n=15,P0.01)呈极显著正相关,与其它营养因子无明显相关关系.三峡水库完工后,支流回水区水体流速减缓,富营养化趋势可能加重. 相似文献
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